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Receptor and cellular signal transduction in autonomic nervous system. Takayoshi KUNO 1 , Hisato SHUNTOH 1 , Takehiko TAKEDA 1 , Chikako TANAKA 1 1Department of Pharmacology, Kobe University School of Medicine pp.226-236
Published Date 1989/4/10
DOI https://doi.org/10.11477/mf.1431906278
  • Abstract
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Most extracellular signal molecules bind to their specific cell surface receptors, and then the signals is transduced into intracellular effects via GTP-binding proteins, ionic channels, various second messengers, and their respective protein kinases. Recent innovations in molecular cloning and sequence analysis has revealed the great diversity of subtypes of such molecules. Plasma membrane receptors have been classified into (1) ion-channel-containing receptors (e.g. nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, GABA-A receptor, glycine receptor), (2) seven-transmembrane segment superfamily of GTP-binding protein-coupled receptors (e.g. β1-, β2- and α2-adrenoceptors, muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, 5HT-1A and 5HT-1c serotonin receptors, substance K receptor), and (3) tyrosine kinase-containing receptors with one transmembrane segment (e.g. insulin receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor). Once ligands bind to their receptors, in most cases such signals are transmitted by the receptor activating the production of one or more second messengers (cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP, diacylglycerol, Ca22+). Second messenger generating systems are regulated by GTP-binding proteins. Cyclic AMP synthesis by activa-tion of adenylate cyclase is regulated by Gs and Gi. Thus, elevated cyclic AMP activates the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. Membrane phosphoinositides (PI) is hydrolysed by activation of phospholipase C evoked by Ca2+-mobilizing receptor (e.g. α1-adrenoceptor, M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor) and consequently produce inositol-1, 4, 5-trisphosphates and diacylglycerol. The former releases Ca2+ from intracellular store sites, the latter activates protein kinase C. PI-specific phospholipase C is also regulated by a GTP-binding protein (Gp). Recent molecular biological studies have shown a great multiplicity in these molecules including GTP-binding proteins, phospholipase C, cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, protein kinase C and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase.


Copyright © 1989, Igaku-Shoin Ltd. All rights reserved.

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電子版ISSN 1882-1243 印刷版ISSN 0001-8724 医学書院

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