側頭葉性健忘

Medial Temporal Lobe Amnesia

内側側頭葉が記憶において重要な神経構造であることは，症例H.M.により明らかになった。両側内側側頭葉切除術により重度の健忘を呈したH.M.の神経心理学的な研究は，陳述記憶と非陳述記憶，短期記憶と長期記憶，というヒト記憶の分類につながった。内側側頭葉は特に記憶の固定化の過程において重要な役割を果たすが，その過程の心理学的および神経学的な機序は，逆向性健忘やてんかん性健忘の研究から検討することができる。

Abstract

The medial temporal lobe was identified as an important neural structure in human memory by the advent of patient H.M., who suffered from severe amnesia caused by bilateral medial temporal lobectomy. Dozens of neuropsychological study of H.M. led to the classification of human memory into declarative and non-declarative memory, as well as short-term and long-term memory. The medial temporal lobe subserves declarative memory and long-term memory. It also plays an important role especially in the process of memory consolidation. The psychological and neurological mechanisms of the consolidation process can be investigated through the study of retrograde amnesia and epileptic amnesia.