能登半島地震被災者の災害サイクルからみたオーラルヘルスの現状と課題

Present Conditions and Issues among Residents in Temporary Housing Who Suffered from the Noto Peninsula Earthquake during the Disaster Cycle

要約

　本研究は，能登半島地震被災者の災害サイクルからみたオーラルヘルスの現状を明らかにし，課題を検討することを目的とした．対象者は，地震発生後4ヶ月経過した仮設住宅居住の被災者80人である．調査内容は，被災前，初期，中期の口腔状態，口腔ケア，健康状態，食事関連に関する項目を構成的面接法にて実施した．

　結果は，健康状態，食事関連，口腔ケアは，初期に悪化したが，中期には有意に回復していたものの，口腔状態は改善を認めなかった．口腔状態は高齢になるほど悪化し，中期まで持続していた．口腔状態は，被災前に比べて初期には疼痛，摂食・嚥下機能の低下，症状の悪化，歯肉炎，義歯トラブル，う蝕が有意に増加し，中期は疼痛のみ回復した．健康状態は，初期に全ての因子で有意に悪化し，中期には体調不良と睡眠不足のみ回復した．初期，中期の口腔状態と健康状態は，被災前と強い相関を認めており，被災前の口腔状態と健康状態が悪いほど，被災後の状態が悪化していた．また，悪化の要因は食事入手手段とも関連していた．全ての災害サイクルにおいて適切なオーラルヘルスケアを提供する必要性が示唆された．

Abstract

　The purpose of this study was to investigate the oral health condition and related issues among residents in temporary housing as a result of the Noto Peninsula earthquake, during the disaster cycle. Subjects comprised 80 people living in temporary housing four months after the disaster. Structured interviews were conducted regarding their oral condition, oral care, health condition and diet prior to the disaster and in the early(1 month)and mid(4 months) post-disaster periods. Results showed that their health condition, diet and oral care temporarily worsened in the early period, but had recovered significantly by the mid post-disaster period. However, no improvement was observed in oral condition. Oral condition deteriorated to a level usually seen in old age, and this continued into the mid post-disaster period. With regard to other aspects related to oral condition, there were significant increases in pain, decreased swallowing function, general oral deterioration, gingivitis, difficulties with dentures and dental caries in the early post-disaster period. Except for pain, these problems continued into the mid post-disaster period. All aspects of health condition deteriorated significantly in the early postdisaster period, with only poor physical condition and lack of sleep recovering significantly by the mid post-disaster period. Oral and health conditions deteriorated after the disaster to levels equivalent to and worse than of those who had inferior conditions before the disaster. This deterioration was related to the means of obtaining food. These findings suggest the necessity of providing appropriate oral health care in accordance with the disaster cycle.